What is type 2 diabetes? (Part Two)

What is type 2 diabetes type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is very important so that diabetes can be treated as soon as possible. If you are experiencing diabetes symptoms, you should immediately consult to the doctor.

A number of the checks will generally recommend are as follows:

HbA1c Test

This inspection will show you the average sugar levels in the blood of patients during the period of 2-3 last month. HbA1c level with 6.5% or more would indicate a patient with type 2 diabetes. This test can also be used as the initial examination for people who have diabetes are at risk.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

These tests serve to evaluate the activity of insulin in the body. The patient's blood samples taken twice for fasting glucose and two hours after a meal. Fasting glucose test will be done in the morning after you have fasted for eight hours, only mineral water still allowed to drink. You are also advised not to drink certain drugs that can affect test results.

A blood sample will be taken by the end of this phase of the fasting. Then, you will be asked to drink the syrup containing 75 grams of glucose (sugar). Exactly two hours later, a blood sample is taken you will be returned to the tested glucose in order to evaluate the activity of insulin in the body.

How To Find Out Your Test Results

Your sugar levels are known from oral glucose tolerance test results will determine whether you suffer from impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. Milligrams/deciliter or commonly abbreviated as mg/dL is a unit for blood sugar levels that are used in General in Indonesia.

Just the normal blood sugar is:

• 80-100 mg/dL before meals.

• 80-144 mg/dL after a meal (checked exactly two hours after a meal).

While a measure of blood sugar sufferers of impaired glucose tolerance is:

• 108-126 mg/dL before meals.

• 142-198 mg/dL after a meal (checked exactly two hours after a meal).

The doctor may also give you medicine to lower your blood sugar levels.

While a measure of blood sugar for diabetics is:

• more than 126 mg/dL before meals.

• more than 198 mg/dL after a meal (checked exactly two hours after a meal).

If the test results indicate you have diabetes, your doctor will usually give you medicine to lower and maintain balance your blood sugar levels.

Treatment of type 2 Diabetes

Although diabetes cannot be cured, early detection allows the blood sugar levels of diabetics can be controlled. The goal of diabetes treatment is to preserve the balance of blood sugar levels and minimize the risk of complications.

The following detailed explanation about the handling of the diabetes is generally recommended. Start a healthy lifestyle This is an initial handling for patients with type 2 diabetes at once helps the treatment process and prevent complications.

These simple steps can be:

• Implement a healthy diet, for example, increase the consumption of foods rich in fiber, avoiding fatty foods or sweets.

• Regular exercise, for at least 2.5 hours a week.

• lose weight, particularly for those who are experiencing overweight or obese (weight index of 30 or more).

• quit smoking because it can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes.

• restrict or stop consuming alcoholic beverages. Alcohol content in liquor can heighten the risk of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Do not consume alcoholic beverages at the time of an empty stomach.

• Keep the foot condition. Ulcers on the feet is a common complication experienced by sufferers of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, keep Your foot condition and beware of cuts that failed to heal.

• eye conditions Checked regularly. The frequency of routine eye examination is recommended once every 2 years.

The right medicine to address type 2 Diabetes Balance blood sugar levels in diabetes sometimes can't awake well only through the application of a pattern of healthy eating and regular exercise. You may also need medication to handle it.

There are several types of medications (usually in tablet form) that can be used for type 2 diabetes. You may also be given a combination of two or more types of drugs to control your blood sugar levels.

  

Metformin to reduce blood sugar levels

Metformin works by reducing sugar levels transmitted to the heart blood flow and make the body more responsive to insulin. This is the first drug that is often recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Unlike the other medicines, metformin does not cause weight gain. Therefore the drug is usually given to sufferers who experience excess weight. But metformin can sometimes cause mild side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. Doctors also do not recommend this drug for diabetics who experience kidney problems.

Sulfonylurea for increasing the production of insulin in the pancreas

Sulfonylurea function enhances insulin production in the pancreas. Diabetics who can't drink the metformin or not overweight may be given this medication. If metformin was less effective in controlling your blood sugar levels, the doctor may be combined with a sulfonylurea.

Pioglitazone as triggers insulin

Pioglitazone is usually combined with metformin, sulfonylurea, or both. This medicine will trigger the body's cells to be more sensitive to insulin, so more glucose in the blood is transferred from. These drugs can cause weight gain and swell in the ankle. You are not recommended to drink the pioglitazone if ever experienced heart failure or at risk of experiencing a fracture.

Gliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) as a preventive solution of GLP-1

Gliptin or barrier to the DPP-4 prevents the breakdown of the hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptides-1). GLP-1 is a hormone that plays a role in the production of insulin when blood sugar levels are high. Thus, the gliptin helped raise insulin levels when sugar levels to rise.

Gliptin (for example, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and vildagliptin) can inhibit the increase in high blood sugar levels without causing hypoglycemia. This medicine does not cause weight gain and is usually given if sufferers could not drink sulfonylurea or glitazone, or combined with both.

SGLT-2 inhibitor which impacted urinalysis

SGLT-2 inhibitor would improve sugar levels are issued through the urine. However, this drug increases the risk of infection in the urinary tract and genital for people with diabetes. This drug is recommended when metformin and DPP-4 are not suitable to use by people with. SGLT-2 inhibitor examples include dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin.

Agonist GLP-1 as a trigger of insulin without the risk of hypoglycemia

Agonist GLP-1 have a performance similar to a natural hormone GLP-1. This medicine is given through injections to stimulate the production of insulin when blood sugar levels are high with no trigger the risk of hypoglycemia.

Acarbose to slow down the digestion of carbohydrates

Acarbose will slow down the process of digestion of carbohydrates into sugars. These drugs prevent increased levels of blood sugar that is too quickly after eating diabetics. This medicine can cause side effects of diarrhea and flatulence. Acarbose also rarely used to treat type 2 diabetes, except if the sufferer is not suitable to drink other medications.

Nateglinide and repaglinide to release insulin into the bloodstream

Both of these drugs will stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin into the bloodstream. Nateglinide and repaglinide function cannot survive long, but effective when taken before a meal. Though rarely used, both of which are recommended when the sufferer has a schedule packed on the hours are not uncommon.

All drugs have side effects, including nateglinide and repaglinide. The side effects of these two drugs it is hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Insulin therapy as a companion to other drugs

Medicines in tablet form may be less effective for treating diabetes, so you need insulin therapy. Based on dosage and way of life, this therapy may be given to replace or granted concurrently with the above drugs.

Other drugs which are commonly Required sufferers of type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetics have a higher risk of experiencing complications (heart disease, stroke, or kidney disease). Doctors will usually suggest the following medications to reduce the risk of complications:

• Statins (eg, simvastatin) to reduce high cholesterol levels.

• antibiotic Medication of hypertension.

• ACE inhibitors, Drugs like lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, or when there is an indication of diabetic kidney disease. The progression of the disease that is characterized by the presence of the protein albumin in urine is curable if promptly treated.

Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels

The risk of hypoglycemia (blood sugar levels that are too low) generally accompanying type 2 diabetics who use insulin or tablets in a particular control their blood sugar levels. Mild hypoglycemia symptoms include weakness, tremble, and hungry.

Initial handling for diabetics who experience Hypoglycemia is by taking a source of carbohydrates (glucose tablets or sugared beverages) that can be absorbed quickly.

After that, the sufferer may be consuming a carbohydrate source that can last much longer as a piece of wafer sandwiches, piece, or eating the fruit. The steps above are generally able to increase blood sugar levels in order to return to normal. But this process can take several hours.

Severe hypoglycemia results in diabetics felt dazed, sleepy, even loss of consciousness. 

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